Novel drug design and drug delivery

An immunologically mediated resistance to a disease, but not necessarily an infection, is what a vaccine induces. Typically, vaccines contain DNA encoding antigenic proteins from diseases, killed or attenuated organisms, or subunits of organisms. Although extremely selective and specific when reacting with antibodies, sub-unit vaccinations frequently fail to exhibit these reactions in situations like changes in the epitopic identification centre of the antibody and are not very immunogenic. Fewer vaccination doses are required when antigens are delivered using oil-based adjuvants like Freund's adjuvant, although these adjuvants are not frequently utilised due to toxicity issues such the formation of granulomas at the injection site.